A chart shared by a member of the Goldfish Forum detailing the lineage of goldfish based on the Japanese system. There are many names that are unfamiliar to the casual or even seasoned enthusiasts. Below is a grossary and description of the names that I managed to pick bits and pieces from everywhere:
1) Huna - Japanese term for the Wild Crucian Carp
2) Hibuna - Red/Golden Crucian Carp as a result of mutation. Also known as the Common Goldfish.
3) Wakin - Twin Tailed Hibuna
4) Ryukin - Popular Goldfish that originates from the Ryuku Islands
5) Watonai - Intermediate between Wakin & Ryukin
6) Demekin (Aka, Sanshoku, Kuro) - Telescope or Moor
7) Tyotengan - Celestial / Bubble Eye varieties
8) Shubunkin - Calico Comet with rounded caudal tailfin
9) Azumanishiki - Calico Oranda
10) Tetugyo - Comet
11) Tetuonaga - Similar to a fantail
12) Hanafusa - Oranda Lionhead with pom pom
13) Nankin - Ranchu without headgrowth
14) Edonishiki - Calico ranchu
15) Osaka ranchu - Ranchu w/o headgrowth, rounder and broader body, 3 lobe almost horizontal tail.
16) Maruko - Old variety of ranchu that is no longer bred. No headgrowth. Body similar to today's lionhead.
17) Syukin - Japanese lionhead with long ribbontail caudal finnage.
18) Kiransai - Old variety of goldfish. A cross between the Wakin & Lionhead
